> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://library.xrguild.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://library.xrguild.org/current-peer-reviewed-immersive-technologies/technology-integration-methods-for-bi-directional-brain-computer-interfaces-and-xr-based-interventio.md).

# Technology Integration Methods for Bi-directional Brain-computer Interfaces and XR-based Interventio

## Overview

**Authors:** Kei Landin, Moaad Benjaber, Fawad Jamshed, Charlotte Stagg,Timothy Denison

**Publication Date:** 14 December 2020

**Link:** [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9282993](<https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9282993&#xA;>)

**Keywords:** Brain-computer interfaces, DyNeuMo, DBStim, Summit RC+S, virtual reality, XR, MR, neurorehabilitation

**Type:** Peer-Reviewed Journals/White Papers

## Summary

Brain stimulation therapies have been established as effective treatments for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and epilepsy, as well as having high diagnostic and therapeutic potential in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Novel interventions such as extended reality (XR), video games and exergames that can improve physiological and cognitive functioning are also emerging as targets for therapeutic and rehabilitative treatments. Previous studies have proposed specific applications involving non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and virtual environments, but to date these have been uni-directional and restricted to specific applications or proprietary hardware. Here, we describe technology integration methods that enable invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation devices to interface with a cross-platform game engine and development platform for creating bi-directional brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and XR-based interventions. Furthermore, we present a highly-modifiable software framework and methods for integrating deep brain stimulation (DBS) in 2D, 3D, virtual and mixed reality applications, as well as extensible applications for BCI integration in wireless systems.


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